Passive smoking as an air quality problem
Air quality

Invisible danger: How cigarette smoke pollutes the air

Cigarette smoke contains harmful substances that remain indoors for hours - even after smoking. This is a particular risk for children and non-smokers. Our blog shows how the air-Q air quality meter makes this pollution visible - and how you can protect yourself effectively.

Author:

Lena Bremstahler

Date:

11.7.2025

When smoking becomes a space hazard

The smell of cigarette smoke often fades quickly - but the harmful substances remain. What many people don't know is that even hours after smoking, fine particles, toxic gases and carcinogenic substances are still measurably present in the air. Passive smokers are particularly affected - in other words, all those who smoke without picking up a cigarette themselves. Modern air analyzers such as the air-Q make these invisible dangers visible for the first time - and thus help to take targeted action.

What is released when smoking - and what this means for indoor air

Burning a cigarette produces over 4,000 chemical substances, including a large number of toxic, irritating and carcinogenic substances. Many of these are quickly dispersed into the air - and pollute everyone present.

The most important harmful substances at a glance:

Substance group Examples Effect on health
particulates (PM) PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, PM₁ Penetrates deep into the lungs & bloodstream, triggers inflammation
Carbon monoxide Invisible, odorless Blocks oxygen transport in the blood
Nitrogen dioxide NO₂ Irritant gas, damages respiratory tract
VOCs Benzene, nicotine, formaldehyde, acetone Partly carcinogenic, irritant, neurotoxic
PAHs & metals Lead, cadmium, benzo[a]pyrene Heavy metals, highly carcinogenic

Passive smoking & particulates: When the cigarette becomes an air pollutant

A single cigarette can drastically increase indoor particulate matter levels. PM₂.₅ concentrations of over 1,000 µg/m³ have been measured in smoky rooms - that is more than 60 times the WHO limit value (15 µg/m³ as a daily average).

In a small apartment, a single cigarette can be enough to exceed the fine dust pollution of a whole day on a main road.

In smokers' bars or on terraces with several smokers, values between 200-600 µg/m³ are regularly reached - often for hours on end.

The air-Q measures particulates in real time (PM₁, PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) and thus detects polluted rooms or time windows - even where it is not noticeable at first glance.

VOCs in cigarette smoke: when nicotine & co. travel through the air

Cigarette smoke contains more than 250 different VOCs (volatile organic compounds) - including substances that are highly hazardous to health such as:

  • Nicotine (~150-300 µg per cigarette)

  • Formaldehyde

  • Benzene

  • Toluene

  • Acetone

An average analysis result for tobacco smoke in micrograms per cigarette

SubstanceContent (µg)SubstanceContent (µg)
Carbon monoxide< 10 000Magnesium (ionized)0,07
Nicotine< 1 000Antimony (ionized)0,052
Acetaldehyde500 ... 1 200Pyrene0,05 ... 1,01
Hydrogen cyanide400 ... 500Benzo[a]fluorene0,04 ... 0,18
Hydroquinone110 ... 300Iron (ionized)0,042
Acetic acid100 ... 1 000o-Toluidine0,03 ... 0,16
Nitrogen oxides100 ... 600Anthracene0,02 ... 0,23
Pyrocatechin100 ... 360Benzo[b]fluorene0,02
Acetone100 ... 250Fluoranthene0,01 ... 0,27
Methanol90 ... 180Hydrazine0,03 ... 0,04
Formic acid80 ... 600Urethane0,02 ... 0,04
Formaldehyde70 ... 100Lead (ionized)0,017 ... 0,98
Potassium (ionized)70Arsenic0,012 ... 0,022
Phenol60-140Dibenzo[a,j]anthracene0,01 ... 0,03
Ammonia50 ... 1301-Nitrosopyrrolidine0,006 ... 0,11
3- and 4-cresol40 ... 80Benzo[a]pyrene0,005 ... 0,078
3-methylpyridine20 ... 36Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene0,004
Pyridine16 ... 40Mercury0,004
Nitrosamines (total)≤ 8,5Benzo[a]anthracene0,004 ... 0,076
N'-nitrosonornicotine≤ 3,71-Methylchrysene0,003
Sodium (ionized)1,3Benzo[ghi]perylene0,003 ... 0,039
Carbazole1,0Anthanthracene0,002 ... 0,022
Aluminium (ionized)0,224-aminobiphenyl0,002 ... 0,005
N'-nitrosoanatabine0,2 ... 4,6Vinyl chloride0,001 ... 0,01
2-Nitropropane0,2 ... 2,2N-Nitrosodiethylamine0,001 ... 0,02
Copper (ionized)0,19silver0,0012
Zinc (ionic)0,12 ... 1,21Gold0,00002
Phenanthrene0,08 ... 0,62Chrome0,004

Source: Tobacco smoke - Wikipedia

Many of these substances evaporate when they glow and accumulate in the room air - even when the window is open.

The air-Q measures VOCs as a TVOC value (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) and thus enables a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pollution caused by cigarette smoke.

CO & NO₂: Invisible gases, great danger

Two particularly dangerous gases from cigarette smoke are:

  • Carbon monoxide (CO): Colorless and odorless, but extremely dangerous. Already critical from 10 ppm - often 30-50 ppm measurable in smoke-filled rooms.

  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂): Irritant gas that attacks the mucous membranes and lungs. Peak values when smoking: over 200 µg/m³, although 40 µg/m³ is already considered hazardous to health.

With the air-Q pro, both gases can be detected precisely and in real time - for clear findings where health hazards would otherwise remain undetected.

Symptoms of passive smoking: tangible and silent risks

It's not just the air that gets worse - the body suffers too. The symptoms and risks of passive smoking are manifold:

Time horizon Possible effects
Short term Irritation of eyes, nose & throat, cough, headache
Medium-term Worsening of asthma, bronchitis, more frequent infections
Long-term Increased risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, strokes, childhood asthma

Protective measures: What really helps against passive smoking

This effectively reduces the load:

  • No smoking indoors - even with a tilted window

  • Using outdoor areas for smoking

  • Shock ventilation with a draught instead of permanently tilted windows

  • Air purifier with activated carbon filter - helpful against some VOCs, but not against all substances

  • Air quality measurement with the air-Q - for objective assessment and targeted decisions

The air-Q makes passive smoking visible

With the air-Q, you can measure the air quality where it counts - whether in the children's room, living room, office or car. The real-time data is particularly helpful:

  • TVOC (total VOC)

  • PM₁ / PM₂.₅ / PM₁₀particulates)

  • Carbon monoxide (CO)

  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)

This means that smoking-related stress peaks can be recognized immediately - and targeted measures can be taken.

Conclusion: Making visible what makes you ill

Cigarette smoke is not just an odor problem - it is a serious health risk. Even for non-smokers. With an air quality meter such as the air-Q, invisible pollutants can be made visible - allowing you to make informed decisions for a healthier indoor climate. For more clarity, more protection and better health in the long term.

References

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NOW | the air-Q science with oxygen sensor
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Summary

What exactly is passive smoking?
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Passive smoking means the inhalation of tobacco smoke by non-smokers - both directly from the air (mainstream and sidestream smoke) and indirectly through residues deposited on surfaces (third-hand smoke). Even after a cigarette has been extinguished, many pollutants remain measurable in the room air for hours.
How dangerous is passive smoking really?
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Even brief exposure can cause irritation, headaches or coughing. In the long term, passive smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, asthma, cardiovascular diseases and strokes - especially in children and sensitive people.
Is ventilation enough to remove cigarette smoke?
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Not always. Many pollutants remain in the room air, especially when windows are tilted or air circulation is poor. VOCs and particulates are also deposited on furniture and walls. Shock ventilation with cross ventilation is more effective - ideally supported by air purification and air quality measurement.
How can I protect myself and my family effectively?
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- Smoking only outside - even if the window is open, smoke can still get indoors. - Implement a consistent smoking ban in closed rooms. - Monitor air quality regularly - e.g. with the air-Q. - Ventilate with a draught instead of leaving windows permanently tilted. - Only use air purifiers as a supplementary measure.
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