particulates (PM₁ - PM₁₀): Definition, Origin & Consequences

In closed rooms, the air can hardly mix and pollutants cannot escape. This is because dilution effects are much less effective here. Via car exhaust fumes and other end products from road traffic, such as tire and road abrasion, as well as industrial exhaust fumes and agricultural particles gets particulates into your home. Studies suggest that indoor particulate concentrations can even be up to twice as high as on the street.

particulates (PM₁ - PM₁₀): Causes & Origin

particulates can have numerous causes. Some are natural, such as emissions from volcanic eruptions or forest and bush fires. Then there are biogenic particles, e.g. viruses, spores of fungi and bacteria, pollen count or excretions of house dust mites.

However, the most common cause of particulates is air pollution caused by humans. Industry, agriculture and road, air and water traffic blow exhaust gases into the air. During ventilation, through leaky windows or attached to the clothing as well as the footwear of the residents, the particulate matter particles enter the interior. In particular, the activities of the residents influence the particulate matter load. For example, it increases when many people move around in the apartment and stir up the particles.

But also cooking, baking or the operation of electronic devices, e.g. a laser printer or a toaster, cause particulate matter levels to skyrocket. In addition, heating systems or fireplaces are major sources of particulate matter. In general, the development of smoke leads to an increase in particulates: i.e. from the lighting of a cigarette or candle to a blazing fireplace. 

Reading tip: In our separate articles "particulates in the home" and "Increased particulate matter pollution from vacuum cleaners?"you can find out more information about this pollutant.

particulates (PM₁ - PM₁₀): Health consequences

The particulate matter particles have a very small diameter and can therefore even reach the bronchial tubes. The result is irritated airways, allergic reactions or, enriched with coal dust, even irreversible destruction of the alveoli.

Some particles also enter the bloodstream and can have a lasting effect on the cardiovascular system, increase the risk of heart attack or even have a carcinogenic effect.

Overview of possible health consequences of particulate matter exposure:

• Lung cancer
• Lung diseases like asthma & bronchitis
• Symptoms of poisoning & headaches
• Heart Attack, Thrombosis & Stroke
• Restlessness & exhaustion syndrome

How do I avoid too high particulates values?

• Do not smoke or use incense, scented sprays or scented candles indoors.
• Clean the interior regularly. Also clean the radiators and the spaces between them.
• When vacuuming, use a vacuum cleaner with HEPA filter. When dusting, use dust cloths with moss or synthetic fibers, as they efficiently bind particulates through the electrostatic effect.
• Ensure a humidity of between 40 and 50 percent. This is because increased humidity makes it more difficult for the fine particles to penetrate and thus keeps them at the bottom.
• Monitor particulate matter values and humidity in the air, e.g. with the air-Q, and ventilate as needed.
• Switch on the cooker hood when cooking.
• On days with high particulate pollution, avoid ventilation and use air purifiers instead.